AP African American Studies (APAFAM) Practice Exam

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• Which hair styles are expressions of Afrocentric identity?
• Which features defined chattel slavery as described?
• Which statement reflects the Nation of Islam's stance on authenticity of Islam?
• What roles did Griots play in society?
• What does lingua franca mean?
• How did the features of the Sahara Desert affect human activities?
• Ida B. Wells's activism included which of the following?
• How did domestication impact human societies in Africa?
• Which terms are commonly linked to hip hop fashion?
• What are slave ship diagrams and what do they show?
• Extended kinship networks can include individuals who are part of social and political organizations beyond immediate family. Which statement best describes their function?
• The Red Summer of 1919 occurred in the aftermath of which event?
• What is the KKK?
• Where is the Congo River located?
• What is the population ratio of Africans in Brazil and the US?
• What were the results of Madison Washington's actions?
• What is the significance of Africa for Africans?
• What happened to the Amistad captives after the ruling?
• Who was Juan Garrido?
• Compared to the first impressions of Europeans from Wolof, Akan, and Benin, how did the Kongolese impression differ?
• What type of work was the Gang System used for?
• Which statement best characterizes the racial wealth gap?
• The Harlem Renaissance was centered in which city?
• What is the significance of quilt making in African American culture?
• What were the effects of Nat Turner's Rebellion?
• Which of the following statements about the Swahili Coast's location is true?
• What changes to America were effects of the Great Migration?
• Who is Toussaint L'Ouverture?
• What is Ella Baker best known for in the Civil Rights Movement?
• What did The Chicago Defender contribute to the Great Migration?
• Where was Queen Nanny born?
• Why did African states participate in the transatlantic slave trade?
• Where were the Sudanic Empires located?
• What is the date of the Kingdom of Kongo's first contact with Europeans?
• What is the purpose of the Fugitive Slave Act?
• Which climate pattern characterizes the Savanna Grasslands?
• Who mentored Dorothea Height?
• What happened when Kongo realized the trade was growing beyond anything seen before?
• Griots' veneration of ancestors involves offering guidance, protection, or blessings to the living.
• During which years was the Combahee River Collective active in Boston?
• From which location did WEB Du Bois originate?
• What did Ida B. Wells fight against?
• Which organization did Fannie Lou Hamer help co-found?
• Why did the New Deal contribute to intergenerational wealth gaps?
• What items did the Kingdom of Kongo trade later with Europeans?
• What does maroon mean?
• How did Union Leagues originate and evolve?
• How did Malcolm X change his beliefs over time?
• When did slave auctions become more common and widespread in the United States?
• Where was Great Zimbabwe?
• What is Denmark Vesey's significance?
• When did the Black Panther Party form?
• What do misleading notions tell us about the purpose and significance of APAFAM?
• Which values are common to the New Negro Movement, Negritude, and Negrismo?
• Which statement best captures the idea that race is not a biological reality?
• What are the three causes of the Great Migration?
• What does extended ties kinship describe?
• Which region was the LCFO primarily associated with?
• What roles did West Africans in Lisbon in the 16th Century play?
• What roles did Ladinos and Atlantic Creoles have as intermediaries in the Atlantic world?
• Describe the journey on the final passage.
• What does social mobility mean?
• What was the central message of The Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World?
• Which model would Booker T. Washington support?
• What was the purpose of the Great Enclosure?
• Which city is most closely associated with the Harlem Renaissance?
• Barack Obama is best known for being which of the following?
• What is the cultural significance of B-boys and B-girls?
• What was a key reason enslavers placed skilled enslaved workers in more surveilled roles?
• Which provisions were included in the South Carolina Slave Code of 1740?
• Describe the asylum in Spanish Florida.
• Which institution was described as the first independent Black denomination?
• Which policy was designed to be difficult for Black citizens to meet and minimize their political power by adding extraneous requirements?
• What two regions of Africa were most people taken from?
• Which statement best describes the geographic outcome of the Middle Passage?
• The Amistad case primarily debated whether the people aboard were enslaved or free.
• Which combination of factors contributed to Mansa Musa's immense wealth?
• What impact did the Bantu Migration have on African societies and cultures?
• Which statement best explains why the nadir of race relations is described as worse than the era of legal slavery?
• Which statement is accurate regarding Oliver Lewis's Derby win of 1875?
• The geographic scope of the Bantu Migration primarily encompassed which region?
• The Sudanic Empires rose largely due to control of trade in which commodities?
• What impact did the Fugitive Slave Act have on the Underground Railroad?
• What was unique about the lives of nomadic people?
• Why were Joe Louis's visits to Cuba significant?
• Where is the Kingdom of Kongo located in contemporary terms?
• What is Freedmen's Bureau?
• What were the effects of European colonization of Africa?
• How did Black leaders use World War I to fight for change?
• Slave narratives contributed to understanding by revealing what?
• Which disciplines are included in the interdisciplinary approach?
• Which figure was one of the first American women to publicly advocate abolition and women's rights?
• Who was Estevanico?
• What does kinship mean?
• Which central goal was highlighted during the March on Washington era?
• What was so revolutionary about the Reconstruction Era?
• What makes Jessie Owens significant?
• Which major policy event did the Haitian Revolution influence in the United States?
• Explain why more preservation of African cultural practices happened in Brazil.
• What is The Children's Crusade?
• Which constitutional amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
• Which of the following best describes 'The Souls of Black Folk' in relation to Du Bois?
• What does cosmology mean?
• What is Black Power?
• Which statement about blues origins is NOT accurate?
• The concept of suffrage is most closely associated with which political action?
• What is the purpose of the triangular trade in the Transatlantic slave trade?
• What did the Civil Rights Act do?
• How is the LCFO connected to Selma March?
• Which policy allowed states to lease out prisoners to private companies for labor after abolition?
• Which word completes the Ten Point Program list: Land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice, and ?
• Which trade network was central to Mali's economy?
• What did 40 Acres and a Mule symbolize in Reconstruction era policy?
• Which region did Estevanico explore?
• Which statement best describes Double Consciousness?
• Kola nuts and yams were very important to people in which climate zone?
• Which statement about Soul Train is accurate?
• How was chattel slavery different from other forms of enslavement in human history?
• What does rejection of cultural assimilation mean?
• What broader theme do Fort Mose and the Stono Rebellion illustrate in early American history?
• Where is the Swahili Coast located?
• What was the original model for the slave-based economies that would dominate the economics of the Americas?
• What are the defining features of the Savanna Grasslands?
• What role did the Doll Test play in Brown v. Board?
• What is Bayano's significance?
• What was Malcolm X's role in the Nation of Islam?
• What type of work was the Task System used for?
• What are Black Codes?
• Why did the Thirteenth Amendment end slavery?
• In which colony and century was race-based chattel slavery codified?
• What was Colin Powell's position before becoming Secretary of State?
• Paul Cuffee was the first Black American to:
• What is the significance of Kongo naming children after Christian Saints?
• Frederick Douglass fought for Black rights and which other major civil right?
• What does deracination mean?
• Which statement best describes the relationship among The Jungle, Les Fetiches, and Negritude?
• What roles did African American men and women play in WWII?
• Why is Maria Stewart significant?
• What did James Van Der Zee's art highlight?
• Which of the following is evidence of Nok civilization?
• What characteristics define jazz music?
• How did African Catholicism differ from European Catholicism?
• Divination is best described as which of the following?
• When did the Black middle class grow?
• Why was it so hard to change the Jim Crow system?
• Sun Ra is best described as a pioneer in which musical style?
• The sugar plantations on Sao Tome are historically significant because they used enslaved labor. Which crop is associated with this development?
• How many of the 12.5 million people were trafficked to the mainland of North America?
• Which term describes the study or description of images and symbols?
• Which of the following describes the three effects of Partus Sequitur Ventrem?
• Who is Harriet Jacobs?
• What policy did Nzinga Mbemba pursue regarding the slave trade?
• Where did Union Leagues typically meet?
• What does North and South's economic interdependence mean?
• What was the purpose of freedom songs?
• Describe the significance of Negro Leagues Baseball.
• Which factors contributed to the rise of African Americans in public office during Reconstruction?
• What is Cabin in the Sky and why is it important?
• What does the term repurpose mean?
• Which statement about the Black Seminoles' alliance is accurate?
• What is an example of lingua-franca in African American culture?
• Which term describes legally enforced racial separation in the South?
• What is the significance of the Black Arts Movement?
• Describe Queen Njinga's significance in the modern era.
• Which term best describes the origin of the 25th Dynasty?
• What caused The Red Record?
• Describe Elmina's significance.
• What organization did Dorothea Height lead?
• Which form of covert resistance included learning to read?
• Describe the German Coast Uprising of 1811.
• Where was Nok located?
• What impact did the Haitian Revolution have on enslaved people in America?
• What was Black Wall Street?
• In what year did Mae Jemison travel to space?
• Describe Estevanico's life in the Americas.
• What is Soul Train?
• What does Afrofuturism mean?
• What was the outcome of United States v. The Amistad?
• How did American society impact the language used by Black women when they wrote slave narratives?
• Who killed Fred Hampton?
• Which statement is true about Juan Garrido's agricultural impact?
• Which statement best expresses the political dimension of Negritude's goals?
• Which milestone is Shirley Chisholm associated with in American politics?
• Who is Madame C.J. Walker?
• Describe inequities faced by Black soldiers in the Civil War.
• Which factor did not contribute to Afro-Caribbean immigration?
• What is meant by the association between race and status in the United States?
• What are the effects of Ghana's independence?
• Describe Queen Mother Idia's significance in the modern era.
• What percentage of African Americans came from Christian societies in Africa?
• What exactly does slave narratives refer to?
• What Clause did Jim Crow laws violate?
• Du Bois' shift toward internationalism after World War I reflected a pivot toward which approach?
• Where is Quilombo dos Palmares located?
• Condoleezza Rice's cabinet-level role is best described as which office?
• Who was Joe Louis?
• What impact did the transatlantic slave trade have on Black cultural traditions in the Americas?
• How did HBCU funding source change over time?
• Which of the following organizations was NOT listed as an organizer of Mississippi Freedom Summer?
• Who was the head NAACP Lawyer in Brown v. Board of Education?
• What was the objective of Gabriel's Rebellion?
• Condoleezza Rice served as which official under George W. Bush?
• What does self-emancipated mean?
• What is the Bantu Migration?
• Suburbs contributed to the wealth gap between white and Black families primarily because:
• Who were the creators of the benign institution?
• What were the goals of the New Negro Movement?
• The Combahee River Collective Statement emphasizes an intersectional approach to liberation addressing interconnections among which oppressions?
• Which description best captures Frederick Douglass's life?
• What was the source of Great Zimbabwe's wealth?
• Why didn't Martin Delany like Frederick Douglass?
• What was one consequence of the Haitian Revolution for American slaveholders?
• Describe anti-Black racism and free Black communities in the Civil War.
• The term intersectionality refers to overlapping discrimination.
• How did Black Americans pursue Black aesthetic in the Harlem Renaissance?
• Which outside religions were blended with African traditions?
• What was Frederick Douglass's stance on emigration?
• Describe King Nzinga Mbemba's legacy in relation to the slave trade and modernization.
• How many enslaved people seized weapons near the Stono River in the rebellion?
• Why is Harriet Tubman significant?
• What does LCFO stand for?
• What is moral suasion?
• What type of scholars taught and studied in Timbuktu?
• The Freedmen's Bureau focused on which areas?
• What causes populations to increase in the West and Central African regions?
• Which organization led legal actions to push for voting rights?
• What themes did TV shows about Black families display to the American viewing public?
• Which item is listed in the Black Panther Party's Ten Point Program?
• Describe the significance of Henry Highland Garnet.
• How did the NAACP start?
• The Reconstruction Amendments are the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. Which set?
• What were the effects of the trolley boycotts?
• Which empire did Ezana seek to strengthen ties with by adopting Christianity?
• Which two songs were commonly sung during protests to uplift spirits?
• What does The Color Line refer to?
• Which phrase is used to describe 1960 due to independence waves in Africa?
• Griots pass knowledge through oral storytelling, songs, proverbs, and poetry.
• Which statement about Griots is true?
• How did the NAACP push for voting rights?
• What development prompted the expansion of plantation economies in Sao Tome and Brazil during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade?
• Which of the following were among the diverse roles enslaved people filled?
• Which of the following were examples of affirmative action designed for Black Americans that started in the 1960s?
• How does African American emigrationists relate to Black nationalism?
• Paul Cuffee is recognized for which two notable accomplishments?
• What does covert resistance to slavery mean?
• What was the significance of La Florida for the first Africans brought to the Americas?
• Who founded the Lowndes County Freedom Organization?
• What was the Black Campus Movement?
• Which document originally granted the right for Congress to pass the Fugitive Slave Act?
• What are the themes of Maud Martha?
• What were some roles of Black Americans during the Civil War?
• What are the causes of Afro-Caribbean immigration?
• What was a major impact of Black suffrage?
• How did Grandmaster Flash contribute to the evolution of hip hop?
• What are themes in the song The Message?
• Describe the origins of HBCUs.
• Which of the following was an explicit goal of Mississippi Freedom Summer?
• Which elements of old spirituals are still found within hip hop?
• How does womanist differ from feminism?
• How are spirituals examples of resistance?
• Which statement about the origins of Capoeira and Congada is true?
• What was Cesaire's view of colonization?
• What was the initial effect of Dred Scott's attempt to sue for his freedom in the Dred Scott Case in 1857?
• Who started the Black Panther Party?
• Which concept does the term 'womanist' foreground?
• What does Kongo naming children after Christian Saints mean for African American identities?
• Under Partus Sequitur Ventrem, the status of a child born to enslaved mother and free father is determined by which parent?
• In what year did Henry Highland Garnet deliver his 1843 speech advocating violence against slavery?
• The invention that made cotton processing faster contributed to what?
• Why was Marcus Garvey important?
• The Harlem Hellfighters fought in World War I under the command of which nation?
• In Afrocentric discourse, natural hair styles such as afros and locs are celebrated because they reject Eurocentric standards and embrace natural hair.
• Why did the South want a second Fugitive Slave Act in 1850?
• What were Malcolm X's beliefs?
• Where in US territory did slavery continue after the Thirteenth Amendment?
• What is the Grandfather Clause?
• What are poll taxes?
• How did the Free Breakfast Program contrast government claims about the Panthers?
• Which practice is NOT among Grandmaster Flash's DJ techniques?
• Why were West Africans in Lisbon in the 16th Century?
• What were the effects of the GI Bill for white Americans?
• How did Trans-Saharan trade impact Ghana, Mali, and Songhai?
• In the context of early space exploration, Kathleen Johnson contributed to which field?
• What factor contributed to the origin of racialized slavery in the Atlantic world?
• What was a key goal of the Black Intellectual Movement?
• What is notable about Quilombo dos Palmares?
• Which description best describes the Trail of Tears?
• Why is race considered not biologically real?
• How does Dr. King argue that non-violent resistance is not a passive or weak strategy?
• Ge'ez is the language described as...
• What is Afrocentricity?
• How many sorties did the Tuskegee Airmen fly?
• An example of an interlocking system of oppression
• What inspired Gabriel's Rebellion?
• Which statement best captures the scope of APAFAM's interdisciplinary approach?
• Which statement about the relationship between domestication and settlement patterns is supported by the material?
• Which statement best describes Robert Smalls's legacy?
• Which roles did churchwomen fulfill in supporting the Black women's movement?
• Which statement best describes the role of the Black Arts Movement in American culture?
• Who were the Harlem Hellfighters?
• Which statement best describes the Mississippi Freedom Summer's overall goals?
• What was Field Order No. 3 and what did it do?
• Which figure influenced Malcolm X and Kwame Nkrumah?
• What were the causes of trolley boycotts?
• What was a likely outcome of Black officeholders advocating for civil rights and education?
• What does emigration mean?
• What is the significance of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church?
• Which statement describes the destinations of the Great Migration?
• Which region in Africa supplied the largest number of people during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade?
• Which of the following best describes the challenges Black communities faced after Reconstruction amendments?
• What is one specific example of trolley boycotts?
• Which factor is NOT listed as contributing to Black middle-class growth?
• How did Kwame Nkrumah influence Ghana's move toward independence?
• Where was Queen Njinga from?
• Where was the Gang System used?
• Which statement best describes The Red Record's purpose?
• Which organization did Du Bois help found?
• Which practice served to enforce racial purity laws and uphold white supremacy in historical contexts?
• Which group was most directly affected by the denial of loans and insurance in redlined areas often labeled red?
• Plessy v. Ferguson established which principle?
• Why did the Black middle class grow?
• What impact did the Task System have on enslaved peoples' culture?
• What role did the Black Campus Movement play in shaping African American Studies?
• What was the initial economic impact of trade with Portugal on the Kongo?
• The Black Campus Movement contributed to curricular reforms and the creation of departments. Which statement best reflects this impact?
• What effects did resistance methods have on the Middle Passage?
• What was the Black Star Line?
• Lisbon is the capital of which country?
• Describe the persistence of the racial wealth gap.
• What was the consequence of Alfonzo's letter to the Portuguese king asking to stop captures?
• What is Negrismo?
• What does convict leasing mean?
• Which empire did Mansa Musa rule?
• What language was spoken in Swahili Coast culture?
• Which location served as a haven for maroon communities in the United States?
• What is the significance of the Haitian Revolution?
• What impact did the transatlantic slave trade have on coastal societies?
• Which constitutional provision affected the counting of enslaved people for representation and taxation?
• Enslaved people contributed to science in which fields?
• What does commerce mean?
• What is the Harlem Renaissance?
• Why did King Ezana adopt Christianity?
• Which of the following is true about the Savanna Grasslands?
• The 15th Amendment prohibited denial of voting rights based on what attribute?
• What is a well-known epithet of Joe Louis?
• Which statement best summarizes the material's theme about Black athletes and scientists?
• Where was Black Wall Street located?
• Which statement best captures the significance of the March on Washington?
• What was Charles Hamilton Houston's plan?
• Who was Charles Deslondes?
• Who was Francisco Menendez?
• What are a few examples of anti-Black laws in free states?
• Which statement describes the Windward Maroons under Queen Nanny?
• How did the Kongo convert to Christianity in the 15th century?
• What art form did James Van Der Zee make?
• What is the significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations?
• What was Joe Louis's goal when visiting Cuba?
• What is Negritude?
• Which statement about Negritude is correct?
• Who were the Little Rock Nine?
• What did slave ship diagrams usually not show?
• What is the significance of the Black Press?
• Where was Nubia located?
• Which arrangement illustrates artists who spread Black American resistance stories globally?
• Afro-Caribbean immigration contributed to which transnational perspective on Black identity?
• In which century did Islam originate in Mecca?
• Describe the 1526 Spanish Settlement Revolt.
• What does ethnolinguistic diversity mean?
• Which guarantees did the 14th Amendment grant to individuals?
• What was a key consequence of crop lien systems for poor farmers and communities?
• Which poets were associated with the Black Arts Movement?
• Describe the nature of the relationship between Wolof Kings and Portugal.
• Describe differences in diasporic experiences in Brazil and the US.
• What do artifacts from early African civilizations reveal about their societies according to 19th-century writers?
• Why was the Voting Rights Act of 1965 so important?
• What are some examples of the Black Arts Movement?
• The spread of Islam to West Africa occurred primarily through what mechanism?
• In the final passage, after being branded and inspected, enslaved people were primarily transported to what locations?
• What impact did slave narratives written by Black women have on American society?
• What happened as the domestic slave trade grew in late 1700s and 1800s?
• Who is George Washington Carver?
• Who coined the term 'womanist'?
• How does the US Constitution protect slavery?
• What are Black Banks?
• 13th Amendment
• Name one role of West African women as described.
• What is true about the Harlem Hellfighters' recognition and service?
• Which description best captures the role of the Black Press in civil rights?
• Gullah Geechee culture is associated with which region?
• Queen Njinga resisted which colonial power?
• What did vagrancy laws contribute to in the postwar period?
• What roles did Ladinos and Atlantic Creoles have as explorers in America?
• Which organization started by Dorothy Height is known for its work with Black women and families?
• What is the GI Bill?
• What overall strategy characterized the Civil Rights actions described in these events?
• Why was The Great Depression more difficult for Black Americans?
• Which of the following best describes the duration of the Middle Passage?
• The Combahee River Raid freed more than how many enslaved people?
• Why were enslaved people still enslaved in June 1865, even though the 13th Amendment had been ratified?
• What does 'womanist' mean?
• Josephine Baker is best described as which of the following?
• Meaning of Lift Every Voice and Sing?
• Sun Ra is best described as which of the following?
• What is the Combahee River Raid?
• What were the causes of the Haitian Revolution?
• What is noteworthy about the Harlem Hellfighters?
• Call and response in African American culture helped foster which outcomes?
• In which ways does Blues music specifically reflect African American culture?
• Describe the increase of Black elected officials.
• What do Les Fetiches, The Jungle, Negritude, and Negrismo have in common?
• Describe Queen Mother Idia's legacy within her own historical context.
• Griots preserved oral traditions by documenting them for Timbuktu.
• In what form was knowledge passed down for Griots?
• Where is Lisbon?
• Which of the following best represents examples of African religious practices?
• Which organization played a key role in supporting Black political participation during Reconstruction?
• Describe Queen Nanny's significance.
• What was the primary purpose of Union Leagues in Black communities during Reconstruction?
• Where was Queen Nanny taken captive to?
• Describe the significance of North African horses and steel weapons for Mali's empire.
• Which statement best describes the Kongo's approach to contact with Europeans?
• Which statement about Black soldiers' pay during the Civil War is accurate?
• What is the Doll Test?
• Describe the origins of the Wolof Empire's relationship with Portugal.
• Which work is cited as a modern Afrofuturist example?
• How did the Savanna Grasslands impact human societies?
• What do organized self-defense groups reveal about Black experiences in the South after Reconstruction Amendments?
• What changes to Black Americans were effects of the Great Migration?
• Describe the size of the Transatlantic slave trade.
• What event triggered the United States v. The Amistad case?
• How were the Aksum people connected to Mediterranean civilization, trade, and culture?
• Who invented intersectionality?
• What were the effects of Slave Codes?
• Which figure is associated with founding Tuskegee Institute?
• Which statement best describes the Middle Passage conditions?
• Dorothy Height is best known for leading which national organization?
• Describe three effects of the Haitian Revolution.
• What was Du Bois' original message during World War I?
• Which group was excluded from GI Bill benefits?
• European powers partitioned Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries after a conference that divided the continent into colonies largely disregarding existing political boundaries. Which event is this description referencing?
• How did the Stono Rebellion end?
• What is the significance of the 2nd Amendment for the Black Panther Party?
• What religion did King Ezana adopt?
• Which president ordered federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine?
• What were the effects of Gabriel's Rebellion?
• Which factors helped the Civil Rights Act of 1964 pass through Congress?
• Who organized the March on Washington?
• Not listed as a large-scale complex society in Africa?
• What is a core purpose of APAFAM as described?
• What was the purpose of the conical tower?
• Why was Fred Hampton killed?
• Sengbe Pieh became a symbol of what?
• Which of the following is a historical example associated with Afrofuturism?
• What was the outcome of the 1526 Spanish Settlement Revolt?
• What was the Great Migration?
• Which of the following is included in the Ten Point Program as a demand?
• What were the goals of slave narratives?
• What does Trans Saharan mean?
• Chattel slavery is best described as which of the following?
• Which abolitionist fought for both Black and women's rights?
• Which statement best describes Black banks' community impact?
• Which area did Madame C.J. Walker's enterprise primarily focus on?
• What was the primary aim of Black Codes?
• What caused independence for Ghana?
• What are the distinctive physical features of the Sahara Desert?
• Why did some African Americans reject the term African for their ethnonym?
• What does Black Consciousness mean?
• A major consequence of Nat Turner's Rebellion was to increase white Southerners' fears of what?
• Great Enclosure use at Great Zimbabwe was primarily as what?
• Redlining began in which decade?
• What does veneration of the ancestors mean?
• What is the significance of the Africa Free School?
• Which statement about naming practices and historical identity is most accurate?
• What is an ethnonym?
• Lift Every Voice and Sing is associated with which concept?
• Divination typically includes which elements?
• Describe the Stono Rebellion of 1739.
• What is the significance of urban dwellers in African American history?
• Stade de Dillon is located in which city and territory?
• Which agency's offices were commonly used to locate separated kin?
• Why did Negritude and Negrismo develop in Paris?
• What does the final passage mean?
• What does aesthetic mean?
• On what date did Juneteenth occur, marking emancipation in Texas?
• What does Partus Sequitur Ventrem mean?
• The Black Seminoles were significant because they were:
• Which statement about the 1966 Chicago Freedom Movement is true?
• Who is Louis Armstrong?
• How is the Trail of Tears related to the cotton boom?
• Why were Slave Codes created?
• Which region is WEB Du Bois from?
• What is Voodoo?
• What is Voodoo's significance?
• Who was Jackie Robinson?
• What were the effects of convict leasing?
• The Congo River is primarily associated with which region?
• Which statement best captures the interdisciplinary aim of Afrofuturism?
• What impact did the cotton boom have on African Americans?
• Which statement reflects a Ten Point Program demand?
• Why is Fort Mose significant?
• How did Islam come to West Africa?
• Which outcome is associated with both housing discrimination and segregation in the United States?
• Afrofuturism often centers on which themes?
• Which event did Carter Woodson initiate that evolved into Black History Month?
• What are Literacy tests?
• The March on Washington demonstrated the power of which form of protest?
• How do the Gang System and Task System differ in their approach to labor organization?
• Which description matches the Tulsa Massacre of 1921?
• Which of the following is an example of activism by Black athletes?
• What is Pan Africanism?
• What does Juneteenth mean?
• Which term describes broad networks of relatives beyond immediate family, including aunts, uncles, cousins, and clan members?
• What best describes Atlantic Creoles?
• In which region of the modern United States did the 1526 Spanish Settlement Revolt take place?
• Describe Madison Washington's significance?
• Which notable achievement is associated with George Washington Carver?
• When did the Bantu Migration occur?
• How did the Transatlantic slave trade affect religious and linguistic diversity in the Americas?
• In W. E. B. Du Bois's framework, what is 'the Veil'?
• What were anti-emigrationists African Americans views on colonization back to Africa?
• Where was Aksum located?
• What led to the diminishing wealth of the Songhai Empire?
• Who was Fred Hampton?
• How did religion influence Nat Turner?
• Mae Jemison is best described as which combination of roles?
• What were some effects of Black officeholders during Reconstruction?
• Radical resistance in mid-19th-century abolitionism referred to which approach?
• Where was Frederick Douglass born?
• How does the interdisciplinary approach make APAFAM unique from other history courses?
• What does an interdisciplinary approach mean?
• Who co-founded the Rainbow Coalition with Fred Hampton?
• What is the significance of Oliver Lewis and the 1875 Kentucky Derby?
• Which regions traded with the Swahili Coast?
• Which description best captures The Color Line's meaning?
• Colin Powell is recognized for which role in U.S. government history?
• The Stono Rebellion was led by enslaved people who marched toward which territory seeking freedom?
• Which media platform played a role in portraying African American culture positively in the era discussed?
• Which pair of artists were featured in the Cabin in the Sky?
• Redlining led to which of the following outcomes for Black communities?
• How did Black banks promote economic stability?
• What does racial wealth disparities mean?
• What is the origin of the African American tradition of renaming oneself?
• Dorothy Height helped organize which major civil rights event?
• Who was imprisoned for vagrancy and what were the impacts?
• Where did Islam originate?
• Which genres are frequently cited as early African American music that influenced the development of hip hop?
• How did Andrew Johnson's presidency affect 40 Acres and a Mule?
• Why has the term Black regained popularity in the late 20th and early 21st centuries?
• What are the effects of Plessy v. Ferguson?
• How did Kongolese leaders view West European traders when first encountering them?
• Which movement did the Coordinating Council of Community Organizations focus on in 1966?
• Which beliefs are associated with the Nation of Islam?
• What does the term crop lien refer to?
• Which organization is associated with the 1960s Black Liberation movement?
• Where did the Coordinating Council of Community Organizations start?
• What does Autonomous mean?
• Which factor contributed to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
• Who was Sengbe Pieh?
• Which group of figures are linked to Negritude?
• What is the central conclusion of treating race as a social construct?
• The Bantu Migration originated from which general area?
• What is the significance of the Black Star Line?
• What does Mansa mean?
• The long-term impact of redlining includes disparities in wealth, education, and health outcomes. Which of the following best describes these long-term effects?
• Voodoo syncretism is described as which of the following?
• What is a Hajj?
• In redlining, what indicated high risk on maps?
• Who led the Combahee River Raid?
• APAFAM includes perspectives from which fields to teach the African American experience in a holistic way?
• What is the theme of Sun Ra's art and music?
• What was the outcome of the Dred Scott decision regarding the Missouri Compromise?
• How did railroads make the Great Migration possible?
• Elmina's 1482 fort marked the beginning of European trading presence on the coast of which region?
• Which statement about Elmina is true?
• Which constitutional clause required that escaped enslaved people, who reached free states, be returned to their enslavers?
• Where is Voodoo practiced?
• What is the Combahee River Collective?
• Bayano, a maroon leader, is believed to have been born where?
• What did the Double V Campaign advocate?
• Why did the Kingdom of Kongo have a different reaction to European traders than Akan and Benin?
• What is common to Les Fetiches, The Jungle, and The New Negro Movement?
• Which statement accurately describes the Sahara Desert?
• What percentage of African Americans came from Islamic societies in Africa?
• What makes a society complex?
• What impact did the transatlantic slave trade have on many African societies?
• The Tuskegee Airmen were notable for which of the following?
• Which theater was part of the Black Arts Movement?
• What is the core aim of Pan Africanism?
• What does the term maroon refer to in historical contexts?
• What is a criticism of Afrocentricity?
• Describe women's roles in West African society?
• Great Zimbabwe wealth was derived from what?
• Which figure is associated with the Black is Beautiful movement?
• What was the first part of the journey from Africa to enslavement in the Americas?
• What does the Veil symbolize in Du Bois's analysis?
• What was a key political consequence of the Compromise of 1877 in the Southern United States?
• Who wrote The Red Record?
• Where was Queen Mother Idia from?
• How had the Federal Government provided affirmative action on behalf of the white middle class in the 20th century?
• Which Southern African empire is listed among Africa's large-scale complex societies?
• Which model of education would W. E. B. Du Bois support?
• What was one major policy outcome following Nat Turner's Rebellion?
• What are Black college graduation rates?
• What items did the Kingdom of Kongo trade with Europeans initially?
• Describe Juan Garrido's life in the Americas.
• What is an example of a skill brought from Africa that affected plantation labor?
• Who was Fannie Lou Hamer?
• What impact does racial classification have on African Americans' attempts to celebrate multiracial heritage?
• Shirley Chisholm is best known for which achievement?
• Madison Washington's 1841 revolt occurred aboard which ship?
• Which of the following is a potential risk of adopting an ethnonym tied to a distant homeland for a diasporic community?
• What does Paul Laurence Dunbar's We Wear the Mask metaphor mean?
• How did extended ties kinship influence African political alliances?
• Which of the following is a famous Black feminist from earlier eras of American history?
• What uplift strategy did Booker T. Washington advocate?
• NAACP legal strategy included which approach?
• The renaming of oneself as an expression of freedom is linked to which concept?
• What is intersectionality?
• Which figure challenged racism and sexism with a famous 1851 speech?
• Two reasons large empires emerged in Sudan?
• What did the Freedmen's Bureau do?
• The major technological development spread by the Bantu migrations was:
• Urban dwellers represented a shift in living patterns. Which option best captures this?
• Which statement best describes the New Negro Movement's approach to redefining Black identity?
• What best describes a Griot?
• Which statement best describes the scholarly understanding of spirituals in relation to oppression?
• Which statement best describes the industrial-vocational model of education?
• Who was Marcus Garvey?
• What was the FBI's response to the Black Panther Party?
• How has geographic diversity and differing climate zones impacted African history?
• Define Freedman.
• What were the effects of the GI Bill for Black Veterans?
• How does the destination for half of the Middle Passage impact Brazil's history?
• What are Jim Crow Laws?
• Which modern cultural work is cited as an Afrofuturist example?
• How did white allies impact the NAACP?
• How are spirituals connected to the culture of African ancestors?
• Which of the following was a common role for enslaved people?
• What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
• Who was Paul Cuffee's mom?
• Which of the following was NOT a role Frederick Douglass held?
• Describe the significance of African Americans in WWII.
• Which statement best describes the impact of the Berlin Conference on Africa?
• How do UNIA's goals differ from the NAACP?
• Who is Nannie Helen Burroughs?
• How is reclaiming African heritage tied to the pursuit of a Black aesthetic?
• How did Negro Leagues Baseball promote cultural pride?
• Activism in World War I contributed to the groundwork for which movements?
• What was the 25th Dynasty of Black Pharaohs?
• What is a central theme in Alice Walker's writing?
• What was the book by WEB Du Bois that made him famous?
• Charles Deslondes was the leader of which uprising?
• Who was Jessie Owens?
• What are slave auctions?
• How are Black Consciousness and Diasporic Solidarity connected?
• What describes the 1964 NYC School Boycott?
• What is the significance of Black soldiers who viewed themselves as American citizens in the Civil War?
• Which of the following was a primary mechanism of redlining’s impact on Black families?
• Afrofuturism in art aims to do which of the following?
• Senegambian significance: They influenced which genres?
• What are the origins of blues?
• What does syncretic religious practice mean?
• Why was Mansa Musa's hajj historically significant?
• Which statement best describes the broader effect of Black soldiers' service in the Civil War?
• Which of the following were described as methods of resistance on the Middle Passage?
• Houston's plan targeted dismantling segregation by challenging which doctrine?
• Which statement best describes Negritude and Negrismo relationship?
• In the 15th century, which West African empire entered into a trade alliance with Portugal for gold, military captives as slaves, and military support?
• Who is Kathleen Johnson?
• Who is Gwendolyn Brooks?
• The earliest model for slave-based economies was associated with which locations?
• Which statement best describes the experience of African Americans in WWII?
• What did African American emigrationists want?
• What distinguishes the Emancipation Proclamation from the Thirteenth Amendment?
• De facto segregation in the North refers to segregation resulting from social and economic factors, not laws. Which term describes this?
• Why is naming and self identity important?
• Describe the geography of the transatlantic slave trade.
• Who wrote The Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World?
• What milestone did Mae Jemison achieve in space exploration?
• Why did some enslavers keep enslaved people with specialized labor skills separate from enslaved field workers?
• Why is the birthplace of humanity significant for this course?
• What best describes birthright citizenship in policy terms?
• What is the significance of Fences by August Wilson?
• Where did King Ezana rule?
• Which statement best describes the US diasporic experience compared with Brazil's?
• What is the significance of the combined effects of gender and race discrimination for African American women?
• The Black Star Line stood as a symbol for Garvey followers and African Americans seeking what?
• What was the cause of racial wealth disparities?
• What does misleading notions refer to?
• Why did Portugal increasingly demand enslaved labor in the Atlantic world?
• What barrier did Jackie Robinson break in 1947?
• What does 12.5 million represent?
• What colors are the UNIA Flag?
• What was WEB Du Bois' role in Pan Africanism?
• How many enslaved people were freed along the Underground Railroad?
• Which statement best describes the geographic location of Sudanic Empires?
• Which statement best describes how separated kin were located after emancipation?
• Kamala Harris's current national office is what?
• What does Freedom Days mean?
• Who originated the modern form of Black Power during the New Negro Movement?
• What are the effects of the Compromise of 1877?
• The development of Negritude and Negrismo in Paris occurred because of which phenomenon?
• What executive actions did Truman take for civil rights according to the material?
• What was the specific impact of the Haitian Revolution on African Americans?
• What is the meaning of the one-drop rule in race classification?
• During the Civil War, anti-Black racism and free Black communities: which statement is accurate?
• What does the Second Middle Passage mean?
• Could women be griots?
• Which concept best captures the idea of reclaiming identity through naming and self-definition?
• Enslaved people's contributions to science were often what?
• How did antiracists use slave ship diagrams?
• Which description best captures the FBI's approach to the Black Panther Party?
• What does refuge in England and Ireland mean?
• What faith were the scholars in Timbuktu primarily associated with?
• What is Double Consciousness?
• In what year did Moroccan forces invade Songhai, contributing to its decline?
• De jure segregation in the South was defined as legally enforced separation, prevalent through Jim Crow laws. Which term describes this?
• Negritude and Negrismo drew inspiration from which combination of sources?
• What was the second part of the journey from Africa to enslavement in the Americas?
• What is the main claim of the Combahee River Collective Statement?
• Who was Ida B. Wells?
• Nat Turner's Rebellion occurred in 1831 in Virginia and resulted in the deaths of approximately how many whites?
• Which statement best describes the difference between Du Bois's uplift strategy and Washington's?
• Which statement best describes the Black Intellectual Movement and Africa Free School?
• As genealogists, Griots primarily did what?
• Gospel music emerged from spirituals and church music to express themes of hope and faith.
• In what year did the Amistad revolt occur?
• Which city is cited as growing as a result of the Great Migration?
• Ge'ez belongs to which language family?
• Which statement best captures the overall impact of WWII-era policies on civil rights?
• What was the significance of Soul Train?
• Explain the Emancipation Proclamation.
• Where was the Task System used?
• Which regions were linked to the Bantu Migration?
• Why was legal marriage significant in African American history?
• What does birthright citizenship mean?
• What best describes the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party?
• What was the third part of the journey from Africa to enslavement in the Americas?
• In which location did the German Coast Uprising occur?
• What was Du Bois' message at the end of World War I?
• Afro-Caribbean immigration had which effect on Black intellectual and cultural life?
• Where is Fort Mose located?
• Caribbean immigration has influenced American society in which areas?
• Which statement best describes Robert Smalls's life achievements?
• What percentage of Black students in the South attended integrated schools by 1960?
• Describe Queen Njinga's legacy within her own historical context.
• One reason for seeking refuge in England and Ireland was to avoid capture under which law?
• Which statement best reflects the core belief of African American emigrationists?
• The Children's Crusade took place in which state?
• How was The Children's Crusade controversial in the Civil Rights Movement?
• Where was the Great Dismal Swamp located?
• During slavery, which group’s legal rights and status were most advanced due to racial classifications?
• Who is Alain Locke?
• What was the New Deal?
• Bayano was taken captive to which place?
• Which policy is cited as contributing to long-term economic disparities?
• Which city in Mali became renowned for Islamic scholarship and learning?
• What has been the trend for Black elected officials in recent decades?
• Which empires existed near the Niger River?
• What is non-violent resistance?
• When did Florida and Texas schools remain segregated until?
• How did slave narratives prove the benign institution was untrue?
• What were the educational goals of the New Negro Movement?
• Why is George Washington Carver significant?
• How is the German Coast Uprising of 1811 connected to the Haitian Revolution?
• Which factor shapes the protagonist's decisions in August Wilson's Fences?
• Which statement best describes the shared modern significance of Idia and Njinga?
• Harriet Jacobs is best known for writing which slave narrative?
• Jemmy was an enslaved person from which region?
• What was a major challenge in locating separated kin?
• Describe Aime Cesaire's significance.
• Who conducted the Doll Test that highlighted segregation's psychological impact?
• What is the central message of Garvey's Africa for Africans?
• Malcolm X's relationship with Elijah Muhammad ended due to revelations about Elijah's personal life.
• How did Sao Tome change world history?
• Which statement best describes Quilombo Palmares’ historical significance?
• Which statement accurately describes Estevanico's involvement in the Narvaez expedition?
• What are the themes of Fences by August Wilson?
• Which statement best describes the liberal arts model of education?
• What written language was used for the books in Mali's Timbuktu universities?
• What was the impact of Black children and unpaid apprenticeships on Black families?
• Which term best describes the origin of the 25th Dynasty?
• The Voting Rights Act of 1965 removed which major voting barriers?
• Why is Sojourner Truth significant?
• Which term describes the internal forced relocation within the United States of enslaved people to the Deep South after 1808?
• What was the goal of the American Colonization Society?
• Why was the LCFO necessary after the 1965 Act?
• Which of the following describes the effects of The Red Record?
• Did African Americans generally support the American Colonization Society?
• What were the NAACP's goals?
• David Walker is known for which contribution?
• The Harlem Renaissance occurred during which decade?
• What do Capoeira and Congada tell us about Brazil?
• Where is Sao Tome located?
• What was the significance of La Florida in the New World?
• Which statement best reflects how slave codes affected the legal status of enslaved people?
• What impacts did the Gang System have on the culture of enslaved peoples?
• Which empires are Sudanic Empires?
• Which statement about the emigration movement's aims is most accurate?
• Which concept best describes the Nation of Islam's emphasis on self-reliance and a separate Black nation?
• Which of the following best describes the order of the three major stages described in the Atlantic journey?
• What three issues did Harlem Renaissance poetry explore and advocate for?
• How did the Federal Government respond to Arkansas' attempt to prohibit school integration?
• What is the significance of the Great Dismal Swamp in maroon history?
• Which West African empire is known for its trade networks and is listed among Africa's large-scale complex societies?
• What does domestication mean?
• Which term describes an enslaved person who escaped and formed or joined independent self-sustaining communities?
• What is the significance of HBCUs?
• What does nomadic mean?
• Two places outside of the British American colonies that also had slave codes?
• Which fields did Mae Jemison train in?
• What is iconography?
• What does nadir of race relations mean?
• Which areas did Truman's executive orders desegregate?
• Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of the Middle Passage?
• What was the focus of the Coordinating Council of Community Organizations?
• The Talented Tenth concept refers to which idea?
• What is Ge'ez?
• What practice contributed to the initial capture of Africans for enslavement?
• When did Estevanico travel the Americas?
• What was a lasting impact of World War I veterans' activism?
• Which external group significantly contributed to the Kongo's Christian education?
• Why are the Fisk Jubilee Singers significant?
• Which of the following lists the elements commonly associated with hip hop culture?
• Which statement correctly describes the origins of Gospel and Blues?
• What term describes an outlying district of a city, especially a residential one?
• Which organization was influenced by Ghana's independence?
• Ida B. Wells collaborated with which organization to advocate anti-lynching measures?
• Which region of Africa is the Niger River located in?
• Who issued Field Order No. 3 declaring enslaved people in Texas free?
• Which faction formed by Southern Democrats after Truman's civil rights push is described in the material?
• Which statement best describes convict leasing in terms of brutality and impact?
• Which leadership best describes Queen Njinga's approach?
• Lift Every Voice and Sing is a hymn associated with which of the following descriptions?
• What factor caused the decline in the African-born population among African Americans after 1808?
• Why was race invented?
• Henry Highland Garnet's 1843 speech is best described as advocating what?
• Why do artists repurpose the iconography of slave ship diagrams?
• What does Diasporic Solidarity mean?
• What does suffrage mean?
• How did Black Codes arise right after the Confederacy was defeated?
• What is the significance of the African Methodist Episcopal Church?
• What are the goals of Black History Month and New Negro Week?
• What drove the Black Arts Movement?
• List examples of covert resistance to slavery.
• Which factor contributed to more preservation of African cultural practices in Brazil?
• What did Black is Beautiful promote?
• Why is Kathleen Johnson significant?
• Which policies and infrastructure contributed to suburban growth in the mid-20th century?
• Where is Elmina located?
• When did Great Zimbabwe flourish?
• Negritude and related movements are linked to which broader currents?
• What does 40 Acres and a Mule refer to?
• What was a cultural consequence of fewer African-born individuals arriving in the United States after 1808?
• What factors contributed to the rise of the Sudanic Empires?
• What is the LCFO connection to the Black Panthers?
• Who was Elijah Muhammad?
• What religion was practiced in Swahili Coast culture?
• Which statement best describes Booker T. Washington's background?
• Which two famous speeches took place at the March on Washington?
• What is vagrancy?
• Which statement describes the overall trajectory of the figures mentioned?
• What technology caused the cotton boom?
• What was the cause of the Compromise of 1877?
• What was the aim of the Black Panther Free Breakfast Program?
• Which statement best characterizes Negritude's aim?
• The nadir of race relations occurred roughly during which period?
• Aime Cesaire originates from which place?
• Where was the birthplace of humanity?
• Who is commonly recognized as the Father of the Harlem Renaissance and edited the New Negro?
• What are the goals of Black History education?
• Which artist is known for highlighting Black dignity and middle-class representation in Harlem Renaissance photography?
• What forms of evidence indicate Nok's complex civilization?
• In 1960, how many African nations gained independence from colonial powers?
• Kamala Harris holds which national office?
• What is the significance of Black is Beautiful?
• Sun Ra's cosmic philosophy blends which elements?
• How did Southern Democrats respond when Truman pushed for civil rights after World War II?
• How did the New Deal contribute to the gap in intergenerational wealth between white and Black Americans?
• Who is Zora Neale Hurston?
• Which tribes were primarily affected by the Trail of Tears relocation?
• What does geographical diversity and differing climate zones mean?
• What were the impacts on Black communities during Johnson's Presidential Reconstruction?
• Which African skill, brought by enslaved people, influenced plantation work in the American South?
• How did housing discrimination intensify preexisting disparities between white and African Americans?
• Where was Great Zimbabwe located?
• Which cities are associated with wealth from trans-Saharan trade?
• Which factor contributed to Brazil's longer period of legal slavery?
• Which group is primarily associated with promoting the benign institution?
• Slave narratives were primarily authored by whom?
• What happened to freed people's land under Andrew Johnson?
• What is the significance of UNIA?
• Who is Alice Walker?
• What was the Morrill Acts' effect on HBCUs?
• How do urban dwellers represent change in African American history?
• Which action best characterizes the system of Black children and unpaid apprenticeships?
• Which figure is associated with the founder whose divinity is claimed by the Nation of Islam?
• What was a key significance of African American leaders' use of photography?
• Which statement best describes the role of religion in the Kongo’s exchange with Europeans?
• What is the significance of We Shall Overcome?
• Which description best defines Ladinos in the Atlantic world?
• Which policy efforts in the 20th century are cited as affirmative action for the white middle class?
• Who is WEB Du Bois?
• What does the benign institution refer to?
• The Red Summer of 1919 is best described as which of the following?
• Which elements are part of Senegambian musical traditions?
• Who created Black History Month and New Negro Week?
• Which statement best captures the effects of increases in Caribbean immigration to the United States?
• Juneteenth commemorates the arrival of Union troops in Galveston, Texas on which date?
• What is the Nation of Islam described as?
• Who was Jemmy in the Stono Rebellion?
• Why was the March to Selma needed after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
• When did family separation become more common and widespread in the United States?
• How did the New Negro Movement counter narrative racist stereotypes?
• What do Union Leagues and self-defense groups collectively illustrate about Black political life during Reconstruction?